{"id":553,"date":"2025-12-27T06:00:22","date_gmt":"2025-12-27T06:00:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/uzpr-gorj.ro\/?p=553"},"modified":"2025-12-27T06:02:22","modified_gmt":"2025-12-27T06:02:22","slug":"romania-producea-avioane-cu-reactie-inca-din-anul-1974","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/uzpr-gorj.ro\/?p=553","title":{"rendered":"Rom\u00e2nia producea avioane cu reac\u021bie \u00eenc\u0103 din anul 1974"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Rom\u00e2nia producea avioane cu reac\u021bie \u00eentr-o perioad\u0103 \u00een care multe state care ast\u0103zi domin\u0103 industria aeronautic\u0103 nu aveau \u00eenc\u0103 aceast\u0103 capacitate industrial\u0103 complet\u0103. <\/strong><\/p>\n<div id='gallery-1' class='gallery galleryid-553 gallery-columns-3 gallery-size-large'><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/uzpr-gorj.ro\/?attachment_id=554'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"640\" height=\"356\" src=\"https:\/\/uzpr-gorj.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/WhatsApp-Image-2025-12-26-at-19.47.51.jpeg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/uzpr-gorj.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/WhatsApp-Image-2025-12-26-at-19.47.51.jpeg 1006w, https:\/\/uzpr-gorj.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/WhatsApp-Image-2025-12-26-at-19.47.51-300x167.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/uzpr-gorj.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/WhatsApp-Image-2025-12-26-at-19.47.51-768x427.jpeg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/dt><\/dl><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/uzpr-gorj.ro\/?attachment_id=555'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"640\" height=\"330\" src=\"https:\/\/uzpr-gorj.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/WhatsApp-Image-2025-12-26-at-19.47.53-1.jpeg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/uzpr-gorj.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/WhatsApp-Image-2025-12-26-at-19.47.53-1.jpeg 1004w, https:\/\/uzpr-gorj.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/WhatsApp-Image-2025-12-26-at-19.47.53-1-300x154.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/uzpr-gorj.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/WhatsApp-Image-2025-12-26-at-19.47.53-1-768x395.jpeg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/dt><\/dl><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/uzpr-gorj.ro\/?attachment_id=556'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"640\" height=\"400\" src=\"https:\/\/uzpr-gorj.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/WhatsApp-Image-2025-12-26-at-19.47.53-2.jpeg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/uzpr-gorj.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/WhatsApp-Image-2025-12-26-at-19.47.53-2.jpeg 999w, https:\/\/uzpr-gorj.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/WhatsApp-Image-2025-12-26-at-19.47.53-2-300x187.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/uzpr-gorj.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/WhatsApp-Image-2025-12-26-at-19.47.53-2-768x480.jpeg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/dt><\/dl><br style=\"clear: both\" \/><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon portrait'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/uzpr-gorj.ro\/?attachment_id=557'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"640\" height=\"894\" src=\"https:\/\/uzpr-gorj.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/WhatsApp-Image-2025-12-26-at-19.47.53-3-733x1024.jpeg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/uzpr-gorj.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/WhatsApp-Image-2025-12-26-at-19.47.53-3-733x1024.jpeg 733w, https:\/\/uzpr-gorj.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/WhatsApp-Image-2025-12-26-at-19.47.53-3-215x300.jpeg 215w, https:\/\/uzpr-gorj.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/WhatsApp-Image-2025-12-26-at-19.47.53-3-768x1073.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/uzpr-gorj.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/WhatsApp-Image-2025-12-26-at-19.47.53-3-1099x1536.jpeg 1099w, https:\/\/uzpr-gorj.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/WhatsApp-Image-2025-12-26-at-19.47.53-3.jpeg 1145w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/dt><\/dl><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/uzpr-gorj.ro\/?attachment_id=558'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"640\" height=\"381\" src=\"https:\/\/uzpr-gorj.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/WhatsApp-Image-2025-12-26-at-19.47.53.jpeg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/uzpr-gorj.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/WhatsApp-Image-2025-12-26-at-19.47.53.jpeg 1005w, https:\/\/uzpr-gorj.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/WhatsApp-Image-2025-12-26-at-19.47.53-300x179.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/uzpr-gorj.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/WhatsApp-Image-2025-12-26-at-19.47.53-768x458.jpeg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/dt><\/dl>\n\t\t\t<br style='clear: both' \/>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Aceast\u0103 performan\u021b\u0103 tehnic\u0103 s-a concretizat \u00een anii 1970, un moment \u00een care \u021bara a decis s\u0103 \u00ee\u0219i dezvolte o industrie de ap\u0103rare proprie, reduc\u00e2nd dependen\u021ba de importurile sovietice. Prin investi\u021bii masive \u00een infrastructur\u0103 \u0219i \u00een preg\u0103tirea inginerilor, Rom\u00e2nia a devenit singura \u021bar\u0103 din Pactul de la Var\u0219ovia, \u00een afara Uniunii Sovietice, care a construit propriile aparate de zbor cu motor reactiv. Primul rezultat major al acestui efort a fost avionul IAR-93 Vultur, realizat \u00een cadrul programului YuRom, o colaborare strategic\u0103 \u00eentre Rom\u00e2nia \u0219i Iugoslavia. Proiectul a debutat la \u00eenceputul anilor &#8217;70 \u0219i a implicat resurse considerabile din partea ambelor state pentru cercetare \u0219i dezvoltare. Primul zbor al prototipului a avut loc \u00een 1974, marc\u00e2nd un moment istoric pentru avia\u021bia na\u021bional\u0103 \u0219i demonstr\u00e2nd c\u0103 industria local\u0103 poate gestiona complexitatea proiect\u0103rii unui aparat subsonic destinat misiunilor de sprijin aerian la sol. Pentru a propulsa aceste aparate, inginerii rom\u00e2ni au integrat tehnologie occidental\u0103, ob\u021bin\u00e2nd licen\u021ba pentru motoarele Rolls-Royce Viper. Acestea erau produse intern, la uzina Turbomecanica din Bucure\u0219ti, fapt care a ridicat standardele tehnologice ale \u00eentregii industrii orizontale.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Fabrica de Avioane Craiova a devenit centrul nevralgic unde fuselajul era asamblat \u0219i unde se realizau testele finale, consolid\u00e2nd un lan\u021b de produc\u021bie complex, de la metalurgie la avionic\u0103.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Urm\u0103torul pas \u00een evolu\u021bia aeronautic\u0103 a fost dezvoltarea modelului IAR-99 \u0218oim, un proiect integral rom\u00e2nesc, demarat \u00een anii 1980. Spre deosebire de predecesorul s\u0103u, acesta nu a mai fost rezultatul unei colabor\u0103ri interna\u021bionale, ci rodul exclusiv al cercet\u0103rii institutelor de profil din \u021bar\u0103. IAR-99 a fost g\u00e2ndit ca un avion de antrenament avansat \u0219i misiuni u\u0219oare, fiind capabil s\u0103 preg\u0103teasc\u0103 pilo\u021bii pentru trecerea pe avioane supersonice de lupt\u0103. Succesul acestor proiecte s-a bazat pe o infrastructur\u0103 solid\u0103 de testare \u0219i cercetare, coordonat\u0103 \u00een mare parte de Institutul Na\u021bional de Crea\u021bie \u0218tiin\u021bific\u0103 \u0219i Tehnic\u0103 (INCREST).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Speciali\u0219tii rom\u00e2ni au efectuat mii de ore de teste \u00een tuneluri aerodinamice pentru a optimiza forma \u0219i manevrabilitatea aparatelor. Aceast\u0103 rigoare \u0219tiin\u021bific\u0103 a asigurat c\u0103 avioanele \u00eendeplineau standardele de siguran\u021b\u0103 \u0219i performan\u021b\u0103 necesare oper\u0103rii \u00een cadrul for\u021belor aeriene. Ast\u0103zi, mo\u0219tenirea acelei perioade este \u00eenc\u0103 vizibil\u0103, deoarece variantele modernizate ale IAR-99 sunt active \u00een dotarea For\u021belor Aeriene Rom\u00e2ne. Acestea joac\u0103 un rol esen\u021bial \u00een formarea noilor genera\u021bii de pilo\u021bi care urmeaz\u0103 s\u0103 opereze aeronavele F-16.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Dac\u0103 IAR-93 era un avion militar de atac \u00een toat\u0103 legea, IAR-99 urma s\u0103 fie un avion de antrenament \u0219i de sus\u021binere tactic\u0103, fiind totodat\u0103 capabil de misiuni de recunoa\u0219tere \u0219i atac mai pu\u021bin complexe. \u0218i dimensiunile celor dou\u0103 avioane vorbesc despre ierarhia lor \u2014 IAR-93 avea 14,9 metri lungime \u0219i o anvergur\u0103 a aripilor de 9,3 metri, \u00een timp ce IAR-99 avea 11,01 metri lungime f\u0103r\u0103 tubul Pitot \u0219i o anvergur\u0103 de 10,16 metri. Greutatea celor dou\u0103 avioane indic\u0103 din nou o ierarhie similar\u0103 \u2014 5.750 kg greutate proprie la gol pentru IAR-93 \u0219i 3.200 kg pentru IAR-99.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">IAR-99 a fost catalogat \u00eenc\u0103 din primii ani ca un model foarte manevrabil \u00een aer. Putea atinge o vitez\u0103 maxim\u0103 de 850-865 km\/h \u00een varianta de antrenament \u0219i de 640 km\/h cu arme acro\u0219ate pentru misiuni militare. Era capabil s\u0103 decoleze pe o pist\u0103 de doar 950 metri lungime \u00een asemenea misiuni militare sau chiar 850 metri \u00een regim de avion de antrenament. Greutatea maxim\u0103 la decolare era de 4,6 tone. Primul prototip a avut zborul inaugural \u00een 1985, fiind pilotat de lt. col. Vagner \u0218tef\u0103nel. Al doilea prototip a suferit un accident \u0219i a fost pierdut, dar ambii pilo\u0219i de la bord au catapultat \u00een siguran\u021b\u0103. Un al treilea prototip a fost construit \u0219i a zburat \u00een siguran\u021b\u0103.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Avionul IAR-99 a intrat \u00een produc\u021bia de serie \u00een anul 1987. Dar deja \u00een 1990, uzina Avioane Craiova a \u00een\u021beles c\u0103 e nevoie de o modernizare urgent\u0103 \u00een schimbarea de context interna\u021bional, miz\u00e2nd pe pozi\u021bionarea IAR-99 mai ales ca avion de antrenament. Cu ajutorul celor de la Jaffe, din Texas, au fost modernizate p\u00e2n\u0103 \u0219i dou\u0103 exemplare care se aflau \u00een proces de asamblare la uzin\u0103, principalele modific\u0103ri fiind f\u0103cute \u00een cabin\u0103, la comenzile de pilotaj. Cele dou\u0103 exemplare au \u00eencercat a fi propuse \u00een SUA, \u00een speran\u021ba ob\u021binerii de noi comenzi, \u00eens\u0103 ideea n-a avut succes, a\u0219a c\u0103 au fost ulterior reconfigurate \u00een versiuni standard \u0219i livrate for\u021belor rom\u00e2ne. A mai urmat o tentativ\u0103 de modernizare, de aceast\u0103 dat\u0103 independent\u0103, la Craiova, dar a avut acela\u0219i deznod\u0103m\u00e2nt.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Cea mai consistent\u0103 modernizare a avut loc \u00een 1996, cu finalitate \u00een 1997. IAR-99 a primit o avionic\u0103 nou\u0103, care s\u0103 fie similar\u0103 cu cea de le MiG-21 Lancer, compania Elbit din Israel fiind aleas\u0103 pentru a asigura integrarea noilor comenzi cu sistemul de pe IAR-99. Primul avion modernizat a fost produs \u00een 1997 \u0219i a fost al 18-lea exemplar IAR-99 fabricat de la startul produc\u021biei. Acesta a fost \u0219i momentul c\u00e2nd numele de \u0218oim a devenit folosit \u0219i \u00een nomenclatura oficial\u0103.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Anume aceast\u0103 versiune IAR-99 \u0218oim mai e \u0219i \u00een prezent \u00een operarea For\u021belor Aeriene ale Rom\u00e2niei.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u00cen 2015 a fost anun\u021bat\u0103, de c\u0103tre Avioane Craiova \u0219i INCAS, versiunea IAR-99 TD, o versiune modernizat\u0103, care urma a fi dezvoltat\u0103 \u00een circa 3-4 ani, care ar fi beneficiat de o structur\u0103 nou\u0103, dar \u0219i de un motor nou, mai modern, precum \u0219i un radar Leonardo Vixen 500E.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Ideea a derivat \u00een programul IAR-99 Super \u0218oim, care presupune \u0219i o avionic\u0103 similar\u0103 cu avioanele F-16, put\u00e2nd fi folosit astfel \u0219i pentru antrenarea pilo\u021bilor pentru F-16 \u0219i chiar, eventual, F-35, nu doar pentru MiG-21 Lancer.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">IAR-99 e o mostr\u0103 de inginerie definitivat\u0103 cap-coad\u0103 \u00een Rom\u00e2nia, o demonstra\u021bie a faptului c\u0103 un asemenea avion complex a putut fi proiectat \u0219i ulterior produs local. Dar, pe l\u00e2ng\u0103 admira\u021bia unui moment din trecut, importan\u021ba IAR-99 e una crucial\u0103 mai ales pentru prezentul \u0219i viitorul Avioane Craiova, or, pentru a rezista \u0219i a putea avea o funda\u021bie de dezvoltare pe termen lung, uzina din Craiova are nevoie cel pu\u021bin de un model modernizat la o prim\u0103 etap\u0103. \u0218i apoi, IAR-99 \u0218oim e \u00eenc\u0103 un capitol al industriei aeronautice despre care se mai vorbe\u0219te \u0219i la prezent, nu doar la trecut, deci e unul din acele pu\u021bine exemple \u00een care se mai poate salva ceva \u0219i pune din nou pe o linie de dezvoltare. Care va fi cursul de mai departe al istoriei acestui model \u0219i al industriei aeronautice din Rom\u00e2nia &#8211; asta e marea \u00eentrebare.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Astfel, capacitatea industrial\u0103 dezvoltat\u0103 acum jum\u0103tate de secol continu\u0103 s\u0103 serveasc\u0103 interesele strategice na\u021bionale, valid\u00e2nd viziunea inginerilor care au pus bazele avia\u021biei reactive rom\u00e2ne\u0219ti.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><strong><em>Gigi BU\u0218E<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Rom\u00e2nia producea avioane cu reac\u021bie \u00eentr-o perioad\u0103 \u00een care multe state care ast\u0103zi domin\u0103 industria aeronautic\u0103 nu aveau \u00eenc\u0103 aceast\u0103 capacitate industrial\u0103 complet\u0103. Aceast\u0103 performan\u021b\u0103 tehnic\u0103 s-a concretizat \u00een anii 1970, un moment \u00een care \u021bara a decis s\u0103 \u00ee\u0219i &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/uzpr-gorj.ro\/?p=553\">Continu\u0103 s\u0103 cite\u0219ti <span class=\"meta-nav\">&rarr;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[8],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-553","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-actualitate"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/uzpr-gorj.ro\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/553","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/uzpr-gorj.ro\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/uzpr-gorj.ro\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uzpr-gorj.ro\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uzpr-gorj.ro\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=553"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/uzpr-gorj.ro\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/553\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":561,"href":"https:\/\/uzpr-gorj.ro\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/553\/revisions\/561"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/uzpr-gorj.ro\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=553"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uzpr-gorj.ro\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=553"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uzpr-gorj.ro\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=553"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}